• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human IL-13 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, no cross-reactivity with recombinant human IL?4 or recombinant mouse IL-13 is observed.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 31606

• Immunogen

  E. coli-derived recombinant human IL-13    
  Gly35-Asn146    
  Accession # P35225

• Formulation

  Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 750

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  0.25-1 μg/10    ⁶ cells

  Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with Recombinant Human IL?4 (Catalog # ) and Goat Anti-Human IFN? gamma Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # )

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: IL-13

IL-13 is a 17 kDa immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and atopy. It is secreted by Th1 and Th2 CD4⁺ T cells, NK cells, visceral smooth muscle cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils (1-3). IL-13 circulates as a monomer with two internal disulfide bonds that contribute to a bundled four alpha -helix configuration (4, 5). Mature human IL-13 shares 57%, 59%, and 94% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, and rhesus IL-13, respectively. Despite the low homology, it exhibits cross-species activity between human, mouse, and rat (6, 7). IL-13 has diverse activities on numerous cell types (8). On macrophages, IL-13 suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other cytotoxic substances. On B cells, IL-13 induces immunoglobulin class switching to IgE, upregulates the expression of MHC class II, CD71, CD72, and CD23, and costimulates proliferation. IL-13 upregulates IL-6 while downregulating IL-1 and TNF-alpha production by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. IL-13 binds with low affinity to IL-13 R alpha 1, triggering IL-13 R alpha 1 association with IL-4 R alpha. This high affinity receptor complex also functions as the type 2 IL-4 receptor complex (9, 10). Additionally, IL-13 binds with high affinity to IL-13 R alpha 2 which is expressed intracellularly, on the cell surface, and as a soluble molecule (11-14). IL-13 R alpha 2 regulates the bioavailability of both IL-13 and IL-4 and is over-expressed in glioma and several bronchial pathologies (10, 15, 16). Compared to wild type IL-13, the atopy-associated R110Q variant of IL-13 elicits increased responsiveness from eosinophils that express low levels of IL-13 R alpha 2 (17).

• References:

1. Wills-Karp, M. (2004) Immunol. Rev. 202:175.

2. Nakajima H. and K. Takatsu (2007) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 142:265.

3. McKenzie, A.N. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:3735.

4. Moy, F.J. et al. (2001) J. Mol. Biol. 310:219.

5. Eisenmesser, E.Z. et al. (2001) J. Mol. Biol. 310:231.

6. Ruetten, H. and C. Thiemermann (1997) Shock 8:409.

7. Lakkis, F.G. et al. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235:529.

8. Wynn, T.A. (2003) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21:425.

9. Andrews, A.L. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:46073.

10. Tabata, Y. et al. (2007) Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 7:338.

11. Chiaramonte, M.G. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 197:687.

12. Daines, M.O. and G.K. Hershey (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 227:10387.

13. Matsumura, M. et al. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360:464.

14. Tabata, Y. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 177:7905.

15. Andrews, A.L. et al. (2006) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118:858.

16. Joshi, B.H. et al. (2006) Vitam. Horm. 74:479.

17. Andrews, A-L. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120:91.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 13

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3596 (Human); 16163 (Mouse); 116553 (Rat); 574325 (Primate)

• Alternate Names:

  ALRHMGC116789; BHR1interleukin-13; IL13; IL-13; IL-13MGC116788; interleukin 13; MGC116786; NC30; P600